Paraguayan President Santiago Peña’s X account on Monday posted an announcement claiming Bitcoin had been made legal tender in Paraguay, raising suspicions of a potential hack.

The post declared a $5 million Bitcoin reserve and a national bond program for crypto-enabled citizens, featuring what appeared to be an official decree with the Paraguayan coat of arms. The announcement stated that Bitcoin would be integrated into the national financial system alongside the Guaraní.

Several irregularities prompted immediate skepticism, including the absence of the policy on official government websites and local media, non-standard decree formatting, and unusual promotional language targeting investors.

President Peña’s X account showed irregular activity, Paraguay officials told Reuters.

This is a developing story.

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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has told El Salvador that the costs of implementing the country’s Bitcoin law, which makes the cryptocurrency legal tender, exceed the potential benefits. The IMF has also urged El Salvador to dissolve the “Fidebitcoin” trust fund and start charging fees for services provided by the government’s Chivo digital wallet.

IMF’s Recommendations for El Salvador

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) published a 114-page report on El Salvador Friday with a dedicated section on bitcoin as legal tender and the government’s Chivo digital wallet “as a new means of payments.”

El Salvador became the first country to adopt bitcoin as an official currency with legal tender status alongside the U.S. dollar in September last year. The IMF report notes that the Salvadoran government’s Chivo wallet, which can be used for dollars and BTC, has “amassed a sizeable number of clients, 3.8 million, although it is unclear how many are using bitcoin in their transactions or holding balances in bitcoin.”

The report explains that under El Salvador’s Bitcoin law, “a trust fund, Fidebitcoin, endowed with US$150 million has been established to guarantee the conversion” between bitcoin and dollars. The funds have been primarily used to finance the launch of Chivo, the report states.

According to the IMF:

In the near-term, the actual costs of implementing Chivo and operationalizing the Bitcoin law exceed potential benefits.

The IMF estimates that the short-term budgetary costs are 1% of GDP for 2021-2022 while near-term gains may measure up to ¼% of GDP per year.

The report also outlines the risks of adopting bitcoin as legal tender, stating:

By adopting bitcoin as legal tender considerable risks are introduced to financial stability, financial and market integrity, and consumer protection … If the use of bitcoin increases significantly, it can risk the dollarization regime that has proven to be [a] successful nominal anchor for the economy.

To “address the risks from using bitcoin as legal tender,” the IMF recommends “narrowing the Bitcoin law’s scope, at the minimum by removing bitcoin’s legal tender status, and making explicit its strictly voluntary nature for all type of transactions.”

The International Monetary Fund added that “Three other areas require prompt corrective measures.” Two of the areas are “Developing strict Chivo’s regulatory oversight” and “Safeguarding financial stability and adapting the banking regulatory frameworks.”

The third area that needs immediate corrective measures is “Containing the budgetary costs.” For this, the IMF wrote:

Staff recommends … making Chivo a self-funded company (charging fees for services provided). Staff also recommends ending US$30 subsidy to every new Chivo user and liquidating Fidebitcoin — returning unused funds to the Treasury.

What do you think about the IMF’s recommendations for El Salvador? Let us know in the comments section below.

Kevin Helms

A student of Austrian Economics, Kevin found Bitcoin in 2011 and has been an evangelist ever since. His interests lie in Bitcoin security, open-source systems, network effects and the intersection between economics and cryptography.